流行病学研究表明，有纹身的人比没有纹身的人更外向、更具攻击性，也更容易冒险。这些性格特征是否影响运动表现尚不确定。我们根据纹身状态比较了 2018 年国际足球联合会 (FIFA) 世界杯上足球运动员的行为模式和成功率。在这项横断面研究中，32.7% 的足球运动员有明显的纹身（736 名足球运动员中有 241 名），大部分在手臂上（97.1%）。有纹身的足球运动员平均上场时间更长（208 分钟 vs 160 分钟； P < .001），收到更多牌（0.38 vs 0.27； P < .001），每名球员犯规次数更多（2.64 vs 2.2； P < .001） ）。有纹身的球员射门次数较多 ( P = .016)，但进球成功率较高 ( P = .204)。有纹身的足球运动员的纪律事件（被吹罚犯规并被黄牌或红牌）数量较多，并且上场时间较长，这可能反映了有纹身的非运动运动员的性格特征，例如支配性、外向性、攻击性和愿意承担责任风险。
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Role of tattoos in football: Behavioral patterns and success—analysis of the FIFA World Cup 2018
Epidemiologic studies suggest that individuals with tattoos are more extroverted, aggressive, and more likely to take risks than individuals with no tattoos. Whether these personality traits affect athletic performance is uncertain. We compared behavioral patterns and rates of success of football players at the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) World Cup 2018 by tattoo status. In this cross-sectional study, 32.7% of football players had visible tattoos (241 of 736), mostly on their arms (97.1%). Footballers with tattoos played longer on average (208 versus 160 minutes; P < .001), received more cards (.38 versus .27; P < .001), and committed more fouls per player (2.64 versus 2.2; P < .001). Players with tattoos attempted more shots at goal (P = .016), but without higher goal success (P = .204). The higher number of disciplinary events (being whistled for fouls and given yellow or red cards) and longer playing time of football players with tattoos may reflect personality traits reported in nonathletic individuals with tattoos, such as dominance, extroversion, aggressiveness, and willingness to take risks.